The Rodriguez Family Crisis

The Rodriguez Family Crisis The crisis that the Rodriguez family is facing is very serious. They are dealing with a flooding in their area that has caused them to lose their home and their only means of support, which is Mrs. Rodriguez job. The basic needs that need to be addressed is, the Rodriguez family is in need of somewhere to stay and means of getting food, clothing, and necessities that would carry them through this crisis. The first thing I would do is help the Rodriguez family cope with their crisis is, to understand the situations they are facing.After discussing their situations, I would make plans to gather food, clothing, necessities, and shelter for them. I would explain that putting them into a shelter is just until we can find them an apartment/home that is suitable for them and the girls. The second thing I would take with Mr. and Mrs. Rodriguez is, getting them set up with Social Services so they could apply for emergency food stamps so they could purchase food and Medicaid to help with any medical expenses for them and the girls.I will also assist in helping with them getting the housing authority to help with finding them an apartment/home and help with paying for their rent expenses. I will explain to them that these resources are here to help people such as them who are in a crisis and in need of emergency help. After helping the Rodriguez family set up with Social Services and the housing authority, and all the paper work gets the approval, I will begin to assist in helping them find an apartment/home that is suitable for them and close to Mr. Rodriguez and the girl’s schools.I will discuss with them that not only must the apartment location be suitable for Mr. Rodriguez and the girl’s; however, it must be suitable for Mrs. Rodriguez to find a job in that area. I will discuss with Mr. and Mrs. Rodriguez on how â€Å"The plan should focus on systematic problem solving for the client and be realistic in terms of the clientâ €™s coping ability (James, 2008). In doing the above steps, I feel that this will eliminate the pressure of them having to worry about arranging to get Mr. Rodriguez and the girls into another school and Mrs. Rodriguez not being able to find a job that she is qualify to do.I will explain to them, that this planning is about getting through the short term and getting some semblance of equilibrium and stability restored (James, 2008). The models of intervention, that I would use in helping the Rodriguez family with this crisis is, all the models. First, I would need to define and understand the problems of this crisis in their viewpoint. Because, unless the worker perceives the crisis situation as the client perceives it, all the intervention strategies and procedures the helper might use may miss the mark and be of no value to the client (James, 2008).The second step is to make sure there is safety for the Rodriguez family. The means of safety is to make sure I am not putting the m in harm’s way. I have to think about their daughters when placing them into a shelter. The third step is to give the Rodriguez family support and to inform them that I am here to help them in getting all the support from other resources that apply to their crisis. This means that the workers must be able to accept, in an unconditional and positive way, all their clients, whether the clients can reciprocate, or not (James, 2008).Step four, is where I would examine all the alternatives that could help the Rodriguez family such as family members, social service, or non-profit organizations that deals with families in crisis. I will give them positive things to think about so there will be no added stress on their part. The fifth step is to make plans on how Mr. and Mrs. Rodriguez should go about getting immediate help from the other resources. I will make sure the resources are reliable and that Mr. and Mrs. Rodriguez could reach the resources immediately because they are in n eed of having help as soon as possible.The six and final step is getting commitment from the Rodriguez family and giving my commitment to them that I am here to help them through this crisis. However, they must understand the plan and they must carry out the plan as stated to ensure them in getting back to normal stability. The three skills I would use to assist me in implementing the models I have selected are, simplicity, efficiency and reliability. With simplicity, I would execute simplicity by explaining as truthful as I can in easy form so the Rodriguez family can understand what they are too expected from me and what I will be expecting from them.Simplicity will be effective in addressing the Rodriguez basic and ongoing needs because they will be focusing on what is most important to help them with getting the help they need. I will use efficiency in helping the Rodriguez get back to the life they had before the flood. With using efficiency, every resource I recommend to the R odriguez will produce the specific outcome we are looking for and there will be no wasted time, because I will be, giving 100% of my time in making sure they are satisfy with the outcome. The reliability skill is the most important skill to me.Been reliable shows the Rodriguez family that I am capable of doing the job they need me to do and that I can function in a crisis situation. Reliability also shows that I have committed myself to making sure all the resources I have provided to them is also reliable. Reliability can be effective in addressing the Rodriguez family basic and ongoing needs because; it helps to avoid unnecessary things that are no helpful in getting them the things they need at this time. References: James, Richard (2008). Crisis Intervention Strategies. Belmont: Schatchgravel Publishing Services

Liquid Assets in Firm Essay

What will your outlook towards maintenance of liquid assets to ensure that the firm has adequate cash in hand to meet its obligations at all times? Almost every action of company has financial implications, manager responsible for or with oversight of cash flow get directly involved in many functional areas of the business. Cash flow manager although in large company the financial management function may be broken down into various segments and the cash flow management segment may concern itself primarily with short term management issues, or the daily cash flow management task.Examples of these would be the maintenance of only minimum balance in non-interest bearing bank accounts, the movement of excess cash into short-term investment , and the maintenance of adequate cash balance to cover the normal operating expenses of the company that must be paid from day to day. In any event, those responsible for short term cash flow must consider the long term financial management objective of the company. Objectives of the Financial Management 1. To ensure that the company always has enough cash to meet its legal obligations and avoid illiquidity – i.e. to maintain adequate short term financial flexibility. 2. To arrange to obtain whatever funds are required from external sources at the right time , in the right form and the best possible terms. 3.To ensure that the companies assets and liabilities ; current and long term, financial and operating are utilized as effectively as possible. 4.To forecast and plan for the financial requirement of future operations. 5.To make all decisions & recommendations on the basis of one primary criterion, maximizing the long term value of the organization . this objective is attained in a publicly owned corporation through maximization of the wealth of the owner [stakeholders] by maximizing stock price. ‘Liquid Asset’ An asset that can be converted into cash quickly and with minimal impact to the price received. Liquid assets are generally regarded in the same light as cash because their prices are relatively stable when they are sold on the open market. Liquid assets are cash on hand or any tangible or intangible item that can be converted quickly and easily into cash, typically within 20 days, without losing much of their value. These assets are among the most  basic types of financial resources used by consumers, businesses, and investors. Cash and checking accounts are the two most obvious forms of liquid assets. Currency Legal tender for purchases and to settle outstanding debts, currency remains the most common type of liquid asset used consistently by retail consumers. Money that is deposited into a current account is considered to be a liquid asset because it is possible to immediately access the funds in order to settle debts. The debit card offers consumers even greater access to immediate liquid assets. Investments Some interest-bearing investments can be liquidated quickly, qualifying them as liquid assets. Money market fund shares, bonds, mutual funds, and the cash value of a life insurance policy are examples of investments that can provide quick cash when necessary. Certificates of deposit and stocks might also qualify under this definition. While the actual market liquidity of each asset may vary, the key is that there are always people looking to buy these items, so they can be sold relatively easily. In the case of some jointly owned assets, only a percentage of an asset could be considered liquid. Other Assets The final settlement awarded by a court for damages in a lawsuit could also be considered to be a liquid asset, depending on the terms of payment specified by the court. Tax refunds and the balances of trust funds are often included in the working definition of liquid assets. Less Liquid and Illiquid Assets Mortgages are sometimes considered a liquid asset, but they are much less liquid than many other types. Real estate is also more likely to sold at less than its value if it must be liquidated quickly; if the market is unstable, it may be difficult to determine the true value of real estate as well. Since a key part of liquidity is that the asset be sold at or very near its actual value, this means that real estate is often considered â€Å"illiquid† or not easy to sell. Any item for which there is no established  value is not considered to be a liquid asset, even if that item might be sold for a high price. When the market for the item is small or uncertain, a sale could significantly affect its value. Even stock, usually considered a liquid asset, could be illiquid if a large block is put up for sale, which could lower its market value. Business Assets For businesses, liquid assets can include cash, marketable securities, and receivables. Cash equivalents, which can be quickly converted to cash as needed, are also considered to be liquid. A business needs to be liquid enough to meet expenses, but not have so much cash on hand that short-term investment opportunities are not pursued. Companies often divide their assets into net liquid, quick, and current assets. Net liquid assets are what would be left if all of the businesses debts were paid off. Quick assets are those that can be converted into cash immediately, while current assets are those that can be converted within a year. For an asset to be liquid it needs an established market with enough participants to absorb the selling without materially impacting the price of the asset. There also needs to be a relative ease in the transfer of ownership and the movement of the asset. Liquid assets include most stocks, money market instruments and government bonds. The foreign exchange market is deemed to be the most liquid market in the world because trillions of dollars exchange hands each day, making it impossible for any one individual to influence the exchange rate. Liquid assets include items such as accounts receivable, demand and time deposits, gilt edged securities. In some countries, precious metals (usually gold and silver) are also considered liquid assets. Generally speaking, you must limit expenses and ensure that some of your assets are in the form of short term assets. The higher your short term assets and the less your short term debt, the better your ability to pay the debt (short term liquidity ratio / liquidity ratio help you determine this).The ratio analysis will be the guide stick for the liquidity ratio. Maintenance OF LIQUID ASSETS TO ENSURE ADEQATE CASH IN HAND A common problem for small business owners is the struggle to maintain adequate cash flow levels. Without cash, a business must eventually close its doors. Understanding and managing the company’s cash flow will help to measure the amount of cash on hand and prepare for cash flow shortfalls in the future. a. Do the Math :  Cash flow is the movement of money in and out of a business. Cash inflow is the movement of money into your business, and most likely comes from the sale of goods or services to your customers. Cash outflow is the movement of money out of your business, and is generally the result of paying expenses. By projecting the inflow and outflow of your businesses cash, you can determine the amount of cash that will be available during a designated period of time. b. Prepare Your Profit and Loss Statement Your business plan should contain several financial statements. If you’re a start-up businessman, base your estimates of cash inflow and outflow on the rev enues and expenses listed in your profit and loss statements. Complete your profit and loss statement before completing your cash flow statement. Over time, you will be able to base cash inflows and outflows on actual historical data. c. Develop a Cash Flow Statement: A cash flow statement measures cash flow over time. During your first year in business, you should include a month-by-month cash flow statement in your business plan. If you’re seeking a loan, an important feature of your cash flow statement is that it will show the lender exactly how you’re going to afford loan payments. In order for a business to stay afloat, it must maintain an adequate level of cash. These are some which we can apply to improve the cash flow in our organization. Adequate cash means that you can meet your obligations. It is to remember that cash is king and life blood of the organization. The following points help make it easier to maintain the adequate cash level and an improvement in cash position can be seen sooner rather than later: 1. Check Customers’ Credit Histories: Decide the type of customer to whom you want to extend credit. Do you want to have a particular cut-off credit score? If you extend credit to customers with questionable credit histories or low credit scores, you may experience late payments or no payments, which will slow down your cash flow and increase your collection costs. 2. Keep Track of Your Customers’ Payments: Have up-to-date payment records. Keep accurate payments records by using a specialized accounting software program that will keep track of your invoices and when payments are made. If customers are late with their payments, it could cause a cash flow bottleneck for you. Accurate record keeping will help solve this problem. 3. Set Appropriate Credit Terms and Offer a Cash Discount : Make sure your customers understand how long they have to pay their bill. In order to speed  up the cash they pay, you might want to offer a cash discount to any customer that pays in a short period of time, designated by you, or to a customer who pays cash. 4. Extend Your Timetable for Making Cash Payments :: Pay your bills on time and take advantage of any cash discounts your suppliers offer you. However, hold onto your cash as long as possible. Don’t pay bills weeks earlier than they are due. Your company can use that cash balance, rather than letting your supplier use your company’s cash. 5. Cut Back on Spending Wherever Possible : Do you really need to take money out of your business for a Hawaiian vacation right now? Cut back on spending until it is less than your revenue on a month-by-month basis. If an emergency happens, then you will be prepared from a cash standpoint. 6. Increase Your Sales : Make sure you aren’t holding on to obsolete inventory. If you are, mark it down and sell it. Storing it is costing you money and selling it at a lower price is better than not selling it at all. The longer you hold on to obsolete inventory, the less likely it is to sell. 7. Think before investing : The price and value of investments and their income fluctuates: you may get back less than the amount you invested. Remember that how an investment performed in the past is not a guide to how it will perform in the future. We need to project the cash flow statement, and employee the companies fund in short term investment. Along with that we have to check expenses. And maintain the liquid assets. Projected cash flow statement is the guided stick. Our sales, realizations, and fixed and variable expenses need to be kept in mind while judging the balanced need of liquid assets. We may consider the short term investments with reference to interest rate and surplus funds. Generally it is indispensable that we must limit expenses and ensure that some of the assets are in the form of short term assets. The higher short term assets and the less your short Term debt, the better your ability to pay the debt (short Term liquidity ratio / liquidity ratio help you dete rmine this). The ratio analysis will be the guide stick for the Liquidity ratio. The short term creditors of a company like supplies of good of credit and Commercial banks providing short-term loans, are primarily interested in knowing the companies ability to meet its current or short term obligations of a firm can be met only when there are sufficient liquid assets. Therefore, a firm must ensure that it does not suffer from lack of liquidity or the capacity to pay its current obligations due to lack of good  liquidity position, its goodwill in the market is likely to be effected beyond repair. Liquidity refers to the ability of a concern to meet its current obligations as and when there become due. The short-term obligations are met by realizing amounts from current, floating or circulating assets. The current assets should either be liquid or near liquidity. These should be convertible into cash for paying obligations of short-term nature. The sufficiently or insufficiency of current assets should be assessed by comparing them with short term liabilities. If current assets can pay off current liabilities, then liquidity position will be satisfactory. The standard current ratio is 1: 1.33 means any firm / company is having adequate funds to meet its obligation in time. The firm has to maintain core current assets which is easily realizable at all times. The laid down bench mark ratio to maintain the ratio of core current assets to current liabilities is 1:1

Aid Should Help, Not Hurt

Aid Should Help, Not Hurt Aid Should Help, Not Hurt. Sending aid to other countries is called Foreign aid. Foreign aid is the transfer and loaning of funds, goods or services from one country to another. It is moved from one country to another country. (1) The main purpose of aid, mainly in poor countries, is to improve poverty, give support to the people who can’t reach their needs to survive, rebuild important buildings such as School, Hospitals, and Police Departments and restore a great economy to pick up the country once again. However, the usefulness of foreign aid for poverty relief in Africa has lost its objective. Since the 1950s, the idea that huge amounts of donations can cure poverty has led economic development discourses. More than half of the sub-Saharan Africa are now much poorer than in the 1960s. (2) I don’t deny that the fact that many factors that have contributed to poverty in Africa which include natural disasters such as famine, draught, and wars. But what about the huge excess of aid they have been guiding to this developing country? What did they use it for? According to statistics, while advancement has been made in other rising regions of the world, particularly East Asia in the last six decades, the percentage of those living in life- threatening poverty increased in sub-Saharan Africa. (3) Such statistics can be both terrible and at the same time crushing. There are several reasons to why foreign aid is unsuccessful for poverty relief in Africa. The first reason is that poverty in African countries is not a cruel circle waiting to be broken by foreign help. Instead, poverty is created by economic institutions that thoroughly block the incentives and chances of poor people to mak e their lives better by themselves and their country. Let us for instance the system of apartheid in South Africa which Nelson Mandela fought against. In this situation, apartheid was a set of economic institutions which was planned to work against the black South Africans. It contained rules that governed and dictated to people what they should do and what they should not do, including the motivations and openings they are entitled to. (4) In 1913, the South African government announced that 93 percent of South Africa was for the white economy, while 7 per cent was for blacks (who constituted about 70 percent of the population). Blacks had to have a pass, almost as a national passport, to travel to the cities for job opportunities in the white-controlled mines and industries. They could not own property or start a business there. Such economic organizations, avoid the people that need help and opportunities of the massive population of black South Africans and largely kept them in poverty. While the country was rich during this period , the wealth was in few hands and the common were poor. As such, foreign aid would not remove such institutional strength that disadvantaged the majority to access to the national resources. It should be noted that people in underprivileged countries have the same drives as those in rich countries. Just like those from developed nations, people from humble nations also need freedom of accessibility to economic reserves, to have the same chances to good health care, unpolluted portable water in their homes and value education for their children. The reason to why the poor remain poor is because their basic ability with their talents have been disallowed the opportunity to grow by their various establishments in those countries. In Sub-Sahara African states, it is important to note that once you are wealthy, you are advantaged because you are entitled to much more power while the poor on the other hand, are less fortunate and at the pity of those in power. By way of conclusion, the evidence from examples above and analysis have shown that poor people are trapped within economic institutions and until these institutions feel a major change, foreign aid and any growth it seeks to achieve will only be an illusion, not only in Sub-Sahara Africa, but across all developing countries o f the world.

Answers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Answers - Assignment Example In such a case, a computerized system can calculate the impact of expansion like the cost of adding employees to the business. This team is also responsible for identifying the resources by identifying the resources already available at hand then reconsidering other options available before implementing decisions. Consider the case of adding more employees when the company evaluates the experience and the skills that the current employees have then promoting them before hiring new less skilled employees who can fill up their positions (Hussain, 2004). Another role is meeting training needs. The HR can protect critical electronic employee information by consistently enforcing policies and procedures. They can also consider revising these policies and procedures to ensure that all the necessary changes and additions get the attention they deserve. Being aware of critical employee information as well as corporate data and the people who have access to such kind of information also helps in boosting the security of such information. Finally, the company should have a response plan which should come in handy in the event that such security breaches occur (Hussain, 2004). Hussain, Z., Prowse, P., & University of Bradford. (2004). Human resource information systems (HRIS) as means of fulfilling job more professionally for human resource (HR) managers. Bradford: Bradford University, School of

An Investigation into Sustainable Generation, Green Economy and Literature review

An Investigation into Sustainable Generation, Green Economy and Renewable Energy Innovation in Qatar - Literature review Example derstanding with respect to the way in which solar energy represents a potential to serve as a more renewable form of energy in the coming years and decades. Solar energy is one of the most promising forms of energy that has yet to be introduced. Yet, regardless of the promise that solar energy seeks to provide, the fact of the matter is that it still represents a litany of drawbacks; drawbacks that will be discussed at some depth further in the analysis (Hsing Hung and Lee, 2014). For this very reason, individuals are necessarily discouraged from using it and the level of research that takes place is limited with respect to the means by which this energy is stored after it is collected. However, with all that being said, it must also be understood that this is still a relatively new technology (Liu et al., 2013). Within these lines, it can further be expected that developments in solar energy could necessarily lead to a breakthrough in which it could reduce or entirely negate many of the negative drawbacks that have thus far been evidenced. It is without question that technology has heavily impacted upon the way in which processes take place within the modern world. The changes in technology over the past hundred years have been profound; giving of mankind the ability to fly, orbit the Earth, visit the moon, create the Internet, build the computer, and perfect the internal combustion engine. As the demand for energy has increased exponentially over the past several decades, commensurate with the increasing global population, nanotechnology is a topic that has a high level of relevance with respect to the development of the world (Gaigalis et al., 2014). Essentially, nanotechnology refers to the manipulation of matter; either in the atomic, molecular, or super-molecular state. In such a way, the developments within this sphere could vastly contribute to the increased efficiency of different processes; even going so far as to ensure that previously inefficient

Head-O produced by Fatih Akin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Head-O produced by Fatih Akin - Essay Example That night, in the streets all alone and with no one else to turn to, she decides she does not want to live anymore and baits some men to beat her up. She is stabbed by one of them and then they leave her all out there to die, but to her luck she does not die though it is not clear how she manages to recover from both the rape and assault. After serving his jail term, Cahit is out again. Determined to find Sibel again, he sets on for Istanbul where Sibel had gone to live with her cousin Selma. The cousin refuses to disclose to Cahit where Sibel lives but informs him of her being in a long-term relationship and her having a daughter. Cahit wants to talk to Sibel and is waiting in a hotel for a call from Sibel. When she finally calls, he tries to convince her to elope with him, something she finally agrees to. Unfortunately, she does not show up at the appointed date for reasons not disclosed. Eventually, Cahit beaten by life takes on a bus, probably headed to his place of Birth, Mersi n. Theme (main idea) The main theme brought forward by Head-On is the conflict of cultures between individuals of Turkish origin and their daily lives in Germany. Both characters are of Turkish origin but they live in Germany; Hamburg where the setting of the movie was made. Sibel’s family represents the conventional conservative Turkish culture. Sibel, having grown up within a liberal German culture yearns to break away from the yoke of her family restrictions. She is more open-minded and libel about her sexuality and that is why she can afford to engage in one-night stands. Cahit on the other hand is torn between both cultures. He has an element of both German and Turkish cultures and he is not yet decided completely which way... The main theme brought forward by Head-On is the conflict of cultures between individuals of Turkish origin and their daily lives in Germany. Both characters are of Turkish origin but they live in Germany; Hamburg where the setting of the movie was made. Sibel’s family represents the conventional conservative Turkish culture. Sibel, having grown up within a liberal German culture yearns to break away from the yoke of her family restrictions. She is more open-minded and libel about her sexuality and that is why she can afford to engage in one-night stands. Cahit on the other hand is torn between both cultures. He has an element of both German and Turkish cultures and he is not yet decided completely which way to go. This is the reason why he was reluctant to engage in a marriage of convenience in the first place and even after the marriage, he was in a relationship with a single partner, though on-again and off-again. This could also be the reason why he was enraged with Sibelà ¢â‚¬â„¢s previous partner and the eventual killing.The cities have also been carefully selected to effectively carry message home. Hamburg, the place where the movie is set, represents a multi-cultured population where people from various citizenry and cultures converge. The increased Turkish population could be traced to the 17th and 18th century the period during which there was an attempt to expand the Ottoman Empire to the North Balkan territories leaving a trail of Muslim Turks from the army.

Macrowritten1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macrowritten1 - Essay Example Real GDP (adjusted) is based on the prices of the products and services produced in a year that have been adjusted with inflation and deflation to perfectly predict the decrease or increase in production for comparison of the economic development from year to year. It is calculated in relation to price index of a given particular year (Experimental Economics Centre, 2006). For economic policy makers, real GDP hold enhanced importance compared to the use of nominal GDP. The inflation and deflation need to be considered while calculating the exact outcome of the economic performance of a country in a given year. This will depict the actual growth or decline in the performance of the economy and would help in formulating plans for future developments of the economy. It will also help the government in preparation of the fiscal policy. GDP is calculated only for the gross count of products and services that are purchased and sold with no difference between transactions that sums up to the well being and those that diminishes it. It assumes that every economic contract adds to well being but actually it is not so. GDP overlooks everything that occurs outside the sphere of monetized exchanges despite its significant contribution to well being. The crucial household performance and the sector of volunteer services are completely neglected. The significant contribution of the elder care, childcare and other home based tasks and volunteer works in the community are not taken into consideration in the GDP as those do not involve monetary transactions. When the non-market economy declines and the function shifts to monetized sector, GDP represents such activities as economic advancement. There is a rise in GDP temporarily, but the debt needs to be repaid as it becomes a burden for the economy. The GDP breaches the essential accounting principles by treating the exhaustion of natural capital as income, rather than as the decrease of an asset.

Gendered art critique - Midterm essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Gendered art critique - Midterm - Essay Example In this piece of art, the artistic talks about the Chibinda Ilunga sculpture, being a composition of the Chokwe people of Central Africa. The sculpture is a depiction of a legendary leader that was a masterful hunter, a successful king, and one that was a descendant of a deity. Gender refers to a person’s sense of self and inner identity, unlike sex that biologically defines feminism or masculinity of an individual. Gender cuts across all the social aspects of life including art. The kind of male-dominated culture that existed before and now its effect remains in various issues in the current society. In arts, many artists have tried to explore, reinforce and challenge the gender distinctions promoted by the traditions. Many artists through presenting their personal experiences on historical and political agenda encourage us to question the assumptions commonly made about gender. The differences in gender considerations manifest in various artworks done by various artists. The artworks depicted men as always possessing the powerful body and great leadership skills. From a different perspective, the artworks depict females as passive, eroticized subjects meant for the viewer’s pleasure. For example by looking at Chibinda Ilunga sculpture below , it shows a reflection of a powerful person as he wears a leadership hat, holding a stick, and a horn. The male nude is one of the artworks one will hardly find in the general art exhibitions. Most of the artists lack the urge of using male nudes as a subject matter to their art productions. The male nude is an artwork written and drawn by the artist and author Kyra Belan. It follows her interest in the exploration of the male nude in the field of art. The understanding of freedom of art fuels my analysis of Belan’s work. Belan narrates about her challenges in exhibiting her images of the male nude in the public and the associated criticism. The display of male nude

Hinduism Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hinduism Paper - Essay Example The definition of Indian Supreme Court about Hinduism is elucidated as well. It also presents the services of Mahatma Gandhi in spreading Hinduism and his views regarding caste system in the religion. The theme of the paper is to give a hawk eye review about Hinduism as a religion. Maya has huge significance in Hinduism and it basically means illusion. The term moves around the conception that this world is not actually real and the environment around us is an illusion. The things we experience are not authentic but are in fact depiction of ourselves. Every human being lies somewhere like a drop of water in an ocean. The perception of eternity is the premise of Maya. The term can be more explicated that this universe and creatures living in it are fake; actual human live lie somewhere else. The people which we observe around us actually belong to someplace else (Klostermaier, 2007). Fuller (2004) demonstrated that in Hinduism it is believed that the teachings of Vedanta are ultimate truth and an ordinary human mind cannot go deep into the wordily meaning of Maya. Karma and Ahamkara are the forces which make Maya. The Brahman caste of Hindu’s can understand the meaning and true notion of Maya. To produce conclusive arguments; verses of Bhagavad Gita are presented by Hindu Scholars to strengthen the concept of Maya. The essence of this theory is principally that world is a fake place and our souls lie somewhere else (Klostermaier, 2007). The Supreme Court of India defines Hinduism that it is nothing more than a way of life. It does not believe in a single god, one prophet or single philosophical concept and it does not persuade towards religious traditions. Hinduism is the way people live their lives in a cultured and tailored manner. This idea of Hinduism was defined by Chief Justice of Indian Supreme Court, P. B. Gajendragadkar in 1995. Most of the Hindu’s believe in this definition of the court but

Sales and Distribution Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Sales and Distribution Management - Assignment Example To solve the solve both the sales and distribution problem the company finds itself confronted with, it is important to objectively outline the situation. The situation, as it currently stands, is that our company had contracted with a sales/distribution company to both sell and distribute 3,000 tones of our toys across the United Kingdom in time for Christmas. The goods have been loaded onto the Emma Maersk and will arrive in the United Kingdom on the due date. The problem lies in the sales and distribution of the unloaded cargo to stores across the UK, given that the company which had originally been contracted to handle this process has gone out of business. As we have exactly three weeks to resolve this problem, the imperatives of immediately deciding upon a model for the effective and efficient sales and distribution of the unloaded cargo are inarguable. There are two steps to the resolution of the above-described problem. The first step involves motivating and managing a sales team to sell the goods within the specified time-frame and the second involves distributing the goods within that same time-frame. Our ability to do satisfy the first depends on our understanding of team behaviour and the ways and means by which to motivate sales teams. As for the second, the resolution of the distribution problem lies in the implementation of a modified version of the Just-In-Time paradigm. 2 Sales Team Management Models Researchers who study general team characteristics often examine and reference the models of Gladstein (1984), Hackman (1987), and Campion et al. (1996). These three key models are discussed below. 2.1 Gladstein's model Gladstein's (1984) model categorized the variables and labeled them as either input, process, or output (Figure 1). Gladstein defines inputs as contributions from individual, group, and organization for group effectiveness. Gladstein categorized the inputs into two levels: group and organizational. Process refers to the activities of decision-making and output refers to the outcomes of the team activities. Group task moderates the relationship between group process and group effectiveness. Group level inputs and organizational level inputs directly affect group effectiveness. Both levels of inputs indirectly affect the group process. Gladstein's model defines team effectiveness based on the performance of the team and the satisfaction of the team members. Figure 1 General Model of Group Behavior: Constructs and Measured Variables. From "Groups in context: a model of task group effectiveness," by D. Gladstein, 1984, Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, p. 502. 2.2 Hackman's model Hackman (1987) created a practical framework for team studies (Figure 2). Hackman's model (1987), like Gladstein's model (1984) uses an "input-process-output" framework for analyzing group behavior and performance. Hackman's model consists of six major variables: organizational context, group design, group synergy, process, group task, and group effectiveness. In Hackman's model, organizational context, refers to the reward system, the education system, and the information system, all of which support the work of the team. Organizational context, along with group design and group synergy, influences how well team members are able to apply their skill and knowledge to the team task. The model defines group synergy as interactions between members, which increases group progress and decreases

The issue of a “culture of life” Essay Example for Free

The issue of a â€Å"culture of life† Essay Issues on Ethics and Science have always been arguable and debatable, much more so when highly- skilled professionals get involved in the issues. In medical practice and health care delivery, ethics takes center stage. If I were the queen of the United States and had the absolute power to rule and decide everything in the country, I would be very strict in such a way that I will not tolerate any ethical and social issues like abortions, physician assisted suicides, human cloning, and Stem cell research using human embryos. Aside from their medical and scientific implications, the â€Å"legality† and â€Å"morality† of such practices are so delicate that I should be keeping track of. I will emphasize one vital issue in health care for clients, and it is the discernment of the risks involved in the application of medical breakthroughs and execution of research and experimentation like in the case of Stem cell research using human embryos and human cloning. I would warn all health care professionals to not ever do it because I would not want humans to become subjects of it and be exploited. As the mother of the United States, I would not want my countrymen to be experimented. The moment that they will do it either secretly or not, then I will have their license revoked. In the case of abortion, I would not tolerate it. Human life is sacred because conception, from the beginning, already involves the creative action of God. We owe human life respect and reverence. Human life should be protected and preserved. The sanctity of human life demands that it must be respected and protected absolutely from the moment of conception. I would create educational programs that could teach and educate the concern citizens about the disadvantages of abortion. I will emphasize that abortion destroys life and violates the right to life. As such it is morally evil and it should not be in any way legalized and liberally permitted in the laws and constitution of a nation, like in the United States. I would order to spontaneously check each birth centers to see if they are doing abortion in secret or not. I would punish every health professional who will do it, and even imprison them at some point. Legalizing assisted suicide only legitimizes the use of plastic bags and carbon monoxide to kill vulnerable people. It will only make the health care professionals as â€Å"killers† and not as â€Å"life savers†.   Assisted suicide is not the only way to relive excruciating pain. It is really quite the contrary! Assisted suicide exploits people’s natural fear of suffering and dying. They often claim that without it people will be forced to endure â€Å"unbearable pain†. Such claims fail to recognize that virtually all pain can be eliminated or that in those rare cases where it cannot be totally eliminated, it can be reduced significantly if proper treatment is provided.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is a national and international scandal that so many people do not get adequate pain control. But killing is not the answer to that scandal. The solution is to mandate better education of health care professionals on these crucial issues to expand access to health care, and to inform patients about their rights as consumers.

Irony Essay Example for Free

Irony Essay Both â€Å"The Necklace† and â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† have plots that depend in large measure on the use of situational irony to create a surprise ending. â€Å"The Necklace† tells the story of Madame Mathilde Loise, a lowly clerk’s wife, who, in an effort to appear more debonaire than she is, borrows expensive jewels from Madame Jeanne Forestier, a wealthy friend. After the inevitable loss of the jewels, Madame Loisel and her husband secretly replace the jewels. Years later, Madame Loise, now impoverished, encounters Madame Forestier on the streets of Paris and admits to the secret. Madame Forestier, shocked by the change in Loise, explains that the necklace was merely costume jewelry. The situational irony that both the reader and Madame Loise experience simultaneously is the twist, the unexpected turn of events that is both a perfect example of irony and the very element that makes the plot so original and memorable. Similarly, â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† employs irony to provide the unexpected ending. A young couple, barely able to feed and house themselves, sells their most valuable possessions to buy presents for each other. In an ironic catch typical of O’Henry, Della sells her hair to buy a watch fob for Jim, her husband. Jim, in turn has secretly sold his watch to buy the tortoise-shell combs Della dreamed of running through her long, dark hair. The story makes use of both dramatic irony and situational irony to create the literally-doubly ironic ending: both â€Å"sacrifice for each other the greatest treasures of their house. †

Bowstring Effect for Cervical Angina

Bowstring Effect for Cervical Angina Bowstring effect of longus colli secondary to Luschkas  joint  hyperplasiaa potential factor contributing tocervical angina Running title: Bowstring effect for cervical angina Highlights: Thirty-eight patients affected by cervical vertebra disease were involved. All the patients in Group cervical angina relieved syndromes after operation. Bowstring effect of longus colli might be a factor contributing to cervical angina. Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate Luschkas joint hyperplasia and homolateral musculuslonguscolli atrophy and explore their role in cervical angina (CA) pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: After informed consent, 38 patients affected by cervical vertebra disease were included. Of these, 19 cervical angina patients were included as Group CA. As amatchedcontrol group (Group C), another 19 patients were included. All Patients were maintained under general anesthesia and underwent anterior cervical fusion surgeries. The degree of Luschkasjointhyperplasia and homolateral musculuslonguscolli atrophy were evaluated using Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (JOA) score, Neck Disability Index (NDI) score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, and radiological parameters were also evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference in Cobb’s Angel, Sum ROM and Segment ROM between two groups. The osteophyte area of Luschka joint in Group CA was higher than that in Group C. The musculuslonguscolli area of the pathological cord segment in Group CA was lower than that in Group C. All the patients in Group CA relieved syndromes after operation, and there was no recurrence in follow-up. JOA score increased, while NDI score and VAS score decreased after operation in both two groups (P Conclusion: Anterior cervical surgery could effectively improve the symptoms of CA. Luschkasjointhyperplasia could result in bowstring effect of longus colli, which might be a pathogenic factor of CA. Evaluating the degree of Luschkasjointhyperplasia might assist in the diagnosis of CA. Keywords: cervical angina; bowstring effect; Luschkasjointhyperplasia; pathogenesis Introduction Chest pain is a frequent complaint in the Emergency Department (ED) in the world 1. Each year, more than 7 million patients present to EDs with chest pain 2. Only 20% to 25% of patients with acute chest pain will actually have acute coronary syndrome 3-5. Cervical angina (CA) is one potential cause of noncardiac chest pain being overlooked 6. It is defined as chest pain resembling true cardiac angina but originating from disorders of the cervical spine 7.Oille 8 firstly described the symptom in patients with chest pain of cervical nerve root origin. According to the Jacobs’s study 9, common manifestations associated with CA included arm and neck pain, upper arm radicular symptoms and fatigue, parasternal tenderness and occipital headache 10. Patients should be well aware of this presentation in their clinical examinations, unfortunately and in fact, a number of patients still appear to be diagnosed as coronary artery disease, and thus undergo unnecessary medications 10. Generally, CA originates from a cervical discopathy with nerve root compression 11,12. The pathogenesis of cervical angina can be explained by the fact that cervical neural roots from C4 to C8 contribute to the sensory and motor innervations associated with ante rior chest pain, and patients with true cervical angina are more likely to have disease at the C6 and/or C7 level 12. Some reports have indicated that anterior cervical surgery to correct nerve root or spinal cord compression might be a useful measure for CA 7. However, the diagnosis of cervical angina remains unresolved. The present study evaluated the degree of Luschkasjointhyperplasia and homolateral musculuslonguscolli atrophy of 38 cases of cervical vertebra disease using Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS), and aimed to explore their role in CA pathogenesis. Materials and methods Subjects Between June 2008 and June 2013, a total of 553 patients who underwent anterior cervical fusion surgeries enrolled the match-paired retrospective cohort study. Reviewing the clinical charts in retrospect, 489 patients had presented with complete follow-up (more than 12 months) data. Of these, 19 cervical angina patients were included as group cervical angina (Group CA). As amatchedcontrol group (Group C), another 19 patients were included according to age, gender, weight, most pathological cord segment, the number of pathological segment, the MRI high T2 signal and complications of Group CA. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) have cervical angina as their primary complaint; (2) consent to the standardized evaluation program at the cervical angina clinic 13. The exclusion criteria were as follows:(1) malignant disease; (2) cervical infection (specific/non-specific) or inflammatory joint disease; (3) cervical spine traum; (4) severe osteoporosis; (5)combined with heart disease. Surgical Technique All Patients were induced and maintained under general anesthesia. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon using as described previously 14-16. A right-side oblique incision was pursued for the anterior cervical spine, followed by Robinson’s anterior decompression and inter body fusion or subtotal spondylectomy with autologous iliac bone grafting. In ossified posterior longitudinal ligament, the essential technique was resection of the ossified plaque anteriorly with complete decompression of the spinal cord 16. The surgery was approved by local Ethical Committee and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards. All patients gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Postoperative treatment Postoperative patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics for 3 days, and then replaced with oral antibiotics as anti-inflammatory therapy. The drainage tube and drainage fluid properties were carefully monitored, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage and neck hematoma were timely treated. The drainage tube was pulled up 24 hours after operation. Dehydrating agent was used to relieve reactive oedema caused by spinal cord decompression. Small dose of hormone therapy was employed for three days. Cervical X ray films were needed after operation, and a neck collar was fixed for six weeks. Follow-up exam was scheduled for more than 12 months. Detection index and postoperative evaluation CT (SIENMENS SOMATOM sensation cardiac 64, 120 kV, 300 mA, slicethickness: 1 mm, reconstruction slice: 1 mm, C1-T1) and MRI were performed in all patients. For MRI, T1- and T2-weighted images in at least two planes (in most cases a sagittal and an axial slice, Figure 1) were obtained from each patient. The Cobb’s Angel, Sum ROM, Segment ROM, Area of LJO and Area of LC were measured through X-ray filter, CT scan and MRI by two independent orthopedic surgeon 17. Disease-specific clinical data one week preoperatively and postoperatively collected measures included modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (JOA) score, Neck Disability Index (NDI) score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score 18. Statistical analysis Data were analyzed usingSPSS 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous data are reported as means  ± standard deviation (SD). Paired t tests were used for comparing paired variables in the same vertebrae. Value of P Results Subjects’ characteristics Table 1 showed the characteristics of the included 38 patients. There was no difference in age, gender, weight and the number of pathological cord segment between Group CA (n=19) and Group C (n=19). There were 11 cases whose pathological cord segment located in C5/6, 8 cases in C6/7, 4 cases in single segment and 12 cases in 2 segments in both two groups. The median follow-up were 38.42  ± 15.06 months and 33.32  ± 12.69 months in Group CA and Group C, respectively. Clinical presentation before and after surgical treatment As shown in Table 2, there was no significant difference in Cobb’s Angel, Sum ROM and Segment ROM between the two groups. The osteophyte area of Luschka joint were 11.14  ± 4.11 mm2 and 9.56  ± 3.49 mm2 in left and right respectively of Group CA, which were 6.1  ± 2.19 mm2 (P 2 (P = 0.002) higher than those in Group C. The musculuslonguscolli area of the pathological cord segment were 51.56  ± 14.79mm2 and 58.58  ± 13.98 mm2 in left and right respectively of Group CA, which were 4.83  ± 13.43 mm2 (P 2 (P = 0.001à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °lower than those in Group C. The osteophyte area of Luschka joint in left of Group CA was higher than that in right, and the homolateral musculuslonguscolli area of the pathological cord segment was lower than contralateral area, while the differences were not statisticallysignificant. All the patients in Group CA relieved syndromes after operation, and there was no recurrence in follow-up. JOA score increased from 9.42  ± 1.86 to 12.89  ± 1.91 (P ) after operation in Group CA and increased from 9.42  ± 1.86 to 12.68  ± 1.89 (P (P P P > 0.05). VAS score decreased from 5.89  ± 5.89 to 2.63  ± 1.07 (P P P Discussion The current match-paired retrospective cohort study evaluated the degree of Luschkasjointhyperplasia and homolateral musculuslonguscolli atrophy in 38 patients with cervical spine disease using JOA Scores, NDI, VAS scores and radiological parameters. The results showed that there was no significant difference in Cobb’s Angel, Sum ROM and Segment ROM between two groups (P Group C. The musculuslonguscolli area of the pathological cord segment in both left and right of Group CA were lower than those in Group C. All the patients in Group CA relieved syndromes after operation, and there was no recurrence in follow-up. JOA score increased, NDI score and VAS score decreased after operation in both Group CA and Group C (P P musculuslonguscolli atrophy might assist in the diagnosis of CA. Luschkasjointhyperplasia could result in homolateral musculuslonguscolli atrophy and bowstring effect, which might be a pathogenic factor of CA. Anterior cervical surgery could effectivelyimprove the symptoms of CA, while the subjective standards such as JOA could not well display the severity of the CA. CA, a noncardiac chest pain, is the most common pathological condition underlying pseudoangina 10. The mechanisms of pain production in cervical angina have been a matter of considerable speculation 19. Cervical spine disorders may often be present with pain in the upper anterior chest and scapular areas, resembling true angina pectoris 20. Some studies have suggested that pain in CA is a radicular pain, secondary to root compression by a herniated disk, osteoarthritic spurs, or compression in a narrow intervertebral foramen 21. While other studies have speculated that the referred pain may be caused by painful foci in the neck caused by factors such as disk degeneration, facet syndrome, or anterior or posterior longitudinal ligaments 22. Besides, some cervical angina is myelopathic pain 23. However, more and more investigators believe that CA is mediated through the sympathetic nervous system. The present study found 19 cases of CA, accounting for 3.8% of the surgical patients at the same period, which is similar to the scale of Nakajima 10. Among the 19 patients, 11 cases pained in the praecordia and accompanied by sweating, 5 cases pained in interscapular region and 3 cases pained in epigastrium. There were paroxysmal and continuous. It was worth mentioning that the preoperative JOA score was significantly higher in Group CA than that in Group CA, while there was no significant difference in JOA score and improvement rate between the two groups. JOA could only reflect the onset of the sensorimotor function and bladder function but not reflect the severity of the chest pain. The results found that the preoperative neurological function of Group CA was better than Group C, while the improvement rate of JOA period was lower than Group C. CA appears to be relatively unknown clinical syndrome compared with other angina. Prompt and accurate diagnosis requires a strong sense of suspicion in patients with inadequately explained chest pain. Routine MRI examination, or even if myelopathy is suspected, is insufficiently informative for the functional assessment of CA, a number of patients even appear to be diagnosed as coronary artery disease. Nine cases of patients were diagnosed in Department of Cardiology in the present study, and the other 10 cases presented chest pain without abnormal T wave, while the cervical spine MRI found definite compression of the spinal cord. All the 19 patients in Group CA relieved pain syndromes after cervical vertebra surgery, which proved the diagnosis of CA. It is necessary to indicate some limitations of this study. Firstly, as a match-paired retrospective cohort study, it was different to do completely same on the CA diagnostic criteria. Besides, although the population was highly selected according to the standards of match-paired retrospective cohort study, the patient sample was small, which would have caused selection bias.Furthermore, the osteophyte area of hyperplasia and the area of musculus longus colli were detected on MRI and CT respectively, and it was difficult to insure the same plane. Therefore, larger randomized studies and longer long-term studies are needed to evaluate the role of Luschkasjointhyperplasia and homolateral musculuslonguscolli atrophy in the medical and surgical management of CA. In summary, the present data suggested that evaluating the degree of Luschkasjointhyperplasia and homolateral musculuslonguscolli atrophy might assist in diagnosis of CA. Luschkasjointhyperplasia could result in homolateral musculuslonguscolli atrophy and bowstring effect, which might be a pathogenic factor of CA. Anterior cervical surgery could effectively improve the symptoms of CA, while the subjective standards such as JOA could not display the severity of the CA. Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population CA, cervical angina Table 2 Image Examination of the Study Population Table 3 Function Scores of the Study Population JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores score; NDI, Neck Disability Index score; VAS, Visual Analog Scale score Figure legends Figure 1 Area measuring of Luschkasjointhyperplasia and homolateral musculuslonguscolli atrophy A. targeting for biggest hyperplasia slice on CT axial; B area measuring of musculuslonguscolli according A. Figure 2 Comparation between two groups in subjective scores, * statistically significant. 1

A Poverty Stricken Paradise - Original Writing :: Papers

A Poverty Stricken Paradise - Original Writing On arrival in a small village called Wamba in Northern Kenya, the first thought that struck me as I stepped out of the Land Rover was the intensity of the midday sun blazing down upon me. As I took in the sights around me, a huge crowd of inquisitive children appeared from their huts and flocked towards the vehicle. So many happy faces in such a deprived village. This image will stay in my mind forever. To experience what life was really like in this small, but highly populated village, I stayed in a basic hotel among the villagers. The hotel was not a five star, luxury hotel, but was simply a bed and an integrated shower and squat toilet. For the villagers this would have been luxurious, as they lived in mud huts using whatever discarded plastic materials they could find to act as a roof. For me, this was like taking a trip back to the Stone Age. Everything was so basic. The most extraordinary view was one child's favourite toy. This was not some computer game, but an old car tyre. The poverty that these people were enduring was overwhelming, yet they were so happy with what little they had. The smiles on their faces were there constantly, even though they may not have eaten for many days due to the continuing drought that was affecting the area. When I asked one woman how she coped with not eating for so long, she replied, "When I feel hungry, I tighten my belt." This was horrific to hear, but for her it was a way of life. Because of the ongoing drought, water was becoming very scarce. To such an extent that their beloved cows and goats, which were their sign of wealth, were starting to die, leaving their owners with no food and no milk to drink. This leaves the people frail, but they are still both physically and mentally strong. The best example that showed this was one small boy, around twelve years old, carrying a

Dyslexia Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Dyslexia Dyslexia is a neurological-based, specific learning disability, characterized by language handling deficiencies, impairment in the ability to recognize and translate words into sentences. It is said that a reading disability reflects a continuous deficit as opposed to an arrest in development and can occur in a person of any level of intelligence. Dyslexia can be related to hormonal or hereditary influences, or brain injury. One in five children are thought to have dyslexia and it is found to be more prevalent in males.(1) The difficulties caused by dyslexia do not accurately measure the sufferer's intelligence. Geniuses of our time, such as Einstein, have been affected by the problems of automatic decoding of words and formation of accurate sentences. It is said that many dyslexics "shine in the arts, creativity, design, computing and lateral thinking." (2) The etiological basis suggests that reading disorders stem from difficulties in phonological processing, i.e. the brain's inabi lity to translate images from the eyes completely and correctly to the ears and mouth.(3) Symptoms of dyslexia range from reading and writing difficulties, to speech, direction, time, concentration, coordination, and even self-esteem issues. Other mental disorders are often found to be co-morbid, yet still separate from dyslexia. Common are disorders such as attention deficit and depression, enhanced by the general feelings of helplessness and confusion of dyslexia..(4) Co-morbid problems tend to lessen once the individual seeks successful help with their dyslexia. There are thought to be various main factors within the brain that contribute to dyslexia. Two of those factors are linked an underutilized left hemisphere and a central b... ...tive outlook, the individual is doomed not to improve. Nothing is concrete in the study of dyslexia, much research and education are still in need for a better understanding and treatment of this disorder. Internet Sources: 1)Barkley, Russel A. & Eric J.Mash. Child Psychopathology Guilford Press, NY, NY. 1996 (pg.418) 2)http://www.dyslexia-inst.org.uk/what.htm#top 3)Barkley, Russel A. & Eric J.Mash. Child Psychopathology Guilford Press, NY, NY. 1996 (pg.418) 4)http://dyslexiaonline.com/information.html 5)http://www.nimh.nih.gov/events/prleftdy.htm 6)http://www.dyslexia.org 7)http://www.dyslexiaonline.com/info_whatisdyslexia.html 8)Carlson, Neil R. Physiology of Behavior. Allyn & Bacon, Mass. 1998 (pg. 507) 9)http://www.medicinenet.com 10)http://www.dyslexia.com 11) http://www.nimh.nih.gov/healinfo/disorder/dyslexia/dyslexia.htm

Fascism in History :: Papers

Fascism in History The Age of Anxiety, the age of the lost generation, was also an age in which modern Fascism and Totalitarianism made their appearance on the historical stage. By 1939, liberal democracies in Britain, France, Scandinavia and Switzerland were realities. But elsewhere across Europe, various kinds of dictators reared their ugly heads. Dictatorship seemed to be the wave of the future. It also seemed to be the wave of the present. After all, hadn't Mussolini proclaimed that this century would be a century of the right? Of Fascism? And this is what bothered such writers as Arthur Koestler (1905-1983), Yevgeny Zamayatin (1884-1937), Aldous Huxley (1894-1963), Karel Capek (1890-1938) and George Orwell (1903-1950). It was a nightmare world in which human individuality was subsumed under the might of totalitarian collectivism. The modern totalitarian state rejected liberal values and exercised total control over the lives of its subjects. How this indeed occurred is the subject of this lecture. It goes without saying that the governments of Europe had been conservative and anti-democratic throughout their long histories. The leaders of such governments -- whether monarch or autocrat -- WERE the government, and by their very nature, prevented any incidence of social or political change that might endanger the existing social order. Of course, there have been enlightened monarchs but few of them would have been so enlightened to have removed themselves from the sinews of power. Before the 19th century these monarchs legitimized their rule by recourse to the divine right theory of kingship, an idea which itself appeared in medieval Europe. Such was the case in France until the late 18th century when French revolutionaries decided to end the Bourbon claim to the throne by divine right by cutting off the head of Louis XVI. Of course, France ended up with Napoleon who also claimed the divine right of kingship. Only this time, divine right emanated from Napoleon himself. In a country such as England, on the other hand, twenty years of civil war in the 17th century as well as the Glorious Revolution of 1688, produced a constitutional monarchy. In the 19th century, it was the dual revolution -- the Industrial and French Revolutions -- which created the forces of social change which monarchs, enlightened or not, could not fail to take heed. A large middle class had made its appearance in the 18th century but lacked status. Now, in the 19th century, this large class of entrepreneurs, factory owners, civil servants, teachers, lawyers, doctors, merchants and other professionals wanted their voices heard by their governments. They became a force which had to be reckoned with

Chapter 17 Scarlet Letter Analysis

Mira Susa, Jennifer Welsh Mr. Jordan AP Language and Composition 19 November 2009 â€Å"Chapter 17† Chapter 17, â€Å"The Pastor and His Parishioner,† of The Scarlet Letter, starts off with Dimmesdale returning from his journey through the dark forest, upon which Hester waits faithfully for him out of the public eye, and more importantly, Chillingworth. The scene is gloomy; it is noon, however, the sun is shaded by a clouded sky and the thick foliage of the forest, transforming it into a gray twilight. The moment passes when they encounter face to face after seven years of the punishment Hester has been given. They act coldly until Dimmesdale, with fear and reluctant necessity, grabbed Hester’s hand, which broke the dreary part of the encounter. Afterwards, they sit near a brook on a heap of moss and engage in casual conversation, until they start talking about inner peace, or more specifically, whether they have any inner peace. Dimmesdale has not found any from his hypocrisy and sin. He says he cannot console others about their sins when he is sinful. Hester says he does many good works and his sin should be left behind. Dimmesdale on the other hand wishes that he has someone, a friend, he could console in and tell his sins – this would keep his soul alive. Hester claims she could be that partner, but also warns he has an enemy close to him, even under the same roof. Dimmesdale is shocked. Hester realizes what deep injury she has caused to Dimmesdale, a sensitive soul, to a point where the alienation from virtue is causing him to go mad. Roger Chillingworth is finally revealed to be a deception of goodness, and Dimmesdale sinks to the ground and buries his face in his hands in struggle. Because of the betrayal he feels, he says he will never be able to forgive Hester. Hester rebukes this by saying that he needs to forgive her because it is God who will punish. Then, â€Å"in sudden and desperate tenderness,† she took hold of Dimmesdale and placed him against her bosom, on the scarlet letter. She can’t bear to see Dimmesdale frown. After he rests on her bosom, Dimmesdale eventually forgives Hester for the reason that Chillingworth is more sinful than both Hester and him. She says that what they did had a â€Å"consecration,† revealing that it was governed and fulfilled most likely by God. Life is tough for them, but they manage to love each other. Dimmesdale, once again, cannot think for himself, and asks for advice on what to do with his current situation. Hester says for him to leave the town and return to Europe once again. Dimmesdale says he is powerless and cannot go because he can’t quit his post. Hester says he may renew his life, for life is full of trials, and that there is more good works to be done. Switch names, move on. He cries out he must die, for he can’t venture into the world alone. Then, in a deep whisper, Hester says he will not go alone. Analysis Hawthorne uses several rhetorical devices to reach his purpose – to directly relate Puritan settings and romantic beliefs through Hester and Dimmesdale’s love and forgiveness of one another. Hawthorne uses imagery and diction, metaphors and similes, foreshadowing, irony and allusion to get his point of view across. The settings of the forest are dark and gloomy even though it is only noon, which represents Puritanism, but Dimmesdale and Hester see each other in a different light, like former lovers of a different world, which represents romantic beliefs. Hawthorne uses phrases like â€Å"shadow of the woods† to further explain the setting; however, a gleam of romanticism shines when they sit on a heap of moss. He uses powerful images, such as Dimmesdale gasping for breath, clutching at his heart, to express deep emotion. Dimmesdale is described as having a â€Å"magnetic sphere† of sensitivity, and also a â€Å"†¦blacker or a fiercer frown. Hester has firm, sad eyes, and Dimmesdale is a pale, weak, sinful, and sorrow-stricken man. They sit hand in hand on the mossy trunk of a fallen tree, which represents the new growth from a hard past. As for metaphors and similes, Hawthorne uses them to express emotions. He expresses the first meeting of Hester and Dimmesdale as two ghost s, and Dimmesdale puts his hand towards Hester’s â€Å"as chill as death. † Dimmesdale describes the emotion of standing in the pulpit, being watched by many eyes towards his face, â€Å"as if the light of heaven were beaming from it! He clutched his heart â€Å"as if he would have torn it out of his bosom. † Chillingworth is put into a metaphor describing him as a poison. Chillingworth’s revenge is described as â€Å"†¦has been blacker than my sin. † Hester describing â€Å"yellow leaves will show no vestige of the white man’s tread† indicates a metaphor for change, and how he can leave his past behind. Hawthorne uses examples of foreshadowing such as, â€Å"the gloomy sky, the threatening storm, and, next, the health of each† for rhetorically effective writing. An example that includes foreshadowing, along with imagery and metaphor, reads, â€Å"†¦ while one solemn old tree groaned dolefully to another, as if telling the sad story of the pair that sat beneath, or constrained to forebode evil to come. † It describes Hester and Dimmesdale as trees groaning against another, yet describing there might he evil to come. Dimmesdale crying, â€Å"I must die here! † is another example of foreshadowing directly related to death. Irony is shown through examples such as, â€Å"That old man’s revenge has been blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart. † He, in cold blood (intentionally and emotionless), has done a wrong to Dimmesdale, but also literally, in the physical sense, has in blood done wrong to Dimmesdale. It is also ironic when Hester is giving advice to Dimmesdale that he should leave and move onward towards a different world, when she herself has not done so and does not know the extent of what is to happen. Lastly, Hawthorne uses a Biblical illusion, related to the Puritans, for a romantic subject, leaving the native land. When Hester says, â€Å"Then there is the broad pathway of the sea! † it is alluding to Moses’ parting of the Red Sea. Graphic The symbol of Hester and Dimmesdale close together, up at the top of the page, is outlined in light blue to express idealistic desires because they are spirits in white in Heaven. The forest trees are black from the judgmental settings of the Puritans, but the tree leaves are red to express Hester and Dimmesdale’s passion, blood and love. The road is paved smooth but spotted and messy because of Dimmesdale’s and Hester’s past road, but is depicted orange for their future ambitions. The two hands is an allusion to Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam, and is surrounded by black for the evaluation and law of sin that Adam has created in the beginning of time. The orb is a representation of the world, in which Hawthorne does not call a world but a â€Å"sphere,† which suggests that Dimmesdale and Hester have left there earth-bound world to something spiritual. They have a magical connection, depicted in purple; however, it is rung around in white to represent the holiness, peace, spirituality, and hope of their love. The fallen brown log, stated in the chapter, is represented as tradition. The moss is a representation of their fallen or seemed to be fallen, past and wrecked future, but the green moss suggests a new beginning. Quotes â€Å"It was no wonder that they thus questioned one another’s actual and bodily existence, and even doubted of their own. So strangely did they meet, in the dim wood, that it was like the first encounter, in the world beyond the grave, of two spirits who had been intimately connected in their former life, but now stood coldly shuddering, in mutual dread; as not yet familiar with their state, nor wonted to the companionship of disembodied beings. Each a ghost, and awe-stricken at the other ghost! † This quote initially explains the Puritan settings, â€Å"dim wood, coldly shuddering† to a romantic belief, â€Å"intimately connected, companionship. † This quote binds the chapter to the theme of the book – Hawthorne’s speculation of Puritanism and Romanticism developed within the story. â€Å"They sat down again, side by side, and hand clasped in hand, on the mossy trunk of the fallen tree. Life had never brought them a gloomier hour; it was the point whither their pathway had so long been tending, and darkening ever, as it stole along; and yet it enclosed a charm that made them linger upon it, and claim another, and another, and, after all, another moment. † This quote explains the entire chapter of romantic belief by describing the love between Hester and Dimmesdale’s love. It explains how they are in the worst time of their relationship, with a long and horrific past, but their mutual desire for each other keeps them with one another, asking for more. Leave this wreck and ruin here where it hath happened. Meddle no more with it! Begin all anew! Hast thou exhausted possibility in the failure of this one trial? Not so! The future is yet full of trial and success. † This quote, spoken by Hester, explains the hope of beginning anew, a romantic belief. However, it is spiritual in the religious sense by saying that as one’s life moves on, it can b ecome less sinless – there are many trials, leading to successes. Also, it explains how God wants people to love life, to do more good, and to enjoy happiness.

A Taste of Honey How does Shelagh Delaney present the changing factors of Jo’s character? Essay

In this essay I am going to be looking at the play a taste of honey and looking at the factors of Jo’s character. This play was written in 1956 the writer Shelagh Delaney was only a teenager when she wrote this play Helen and Jo are mother and daughter and they live in tatty flats. Helen meets a man named peter and they get married. Helen leaves goes to live with peter. Jo meets a boy who is in the navy. They spend Christmas together Jo gets pregnant and the boy leaves. Jo meets another boy called Geof and they set up home together. Geof is bisexual. Helens marriage breaks up because peter goes off with a younger woman. Helen comes back to and moves back in and get rid of Geof and he leaves and then it is mother and daughter again In the play Jo is the main character as she is always present in the play. In the play Jo meets Jimmy who is the father of her child and she also meets Geof who is bisexual and they have a relationship, Jo also has relationships with her mother Helen. Jo and Helen doesn’t get on well with each other and Helen leaves Jo at home when she goes out in the play a lot happens too Jo her mother leaves she gets pregnant, she lives with a bisexual and her mother returns Thought out the play Jo’s character changes at the start Jo is critical as she says to her mother â€Å"your knocking them back worse than ever† she is capital and organised as she says â€Å"I hate to see an un-shaded electrical light bulb I will put my scarf around it†, â€Å"im not just talented im jeanious† When Jo meets peter her character changes she becomes as she says â€Å"she’s jealous† she says this because she is jealous of her mother. Jo becomes quarrelsome when she says â€Å"I can’t bear to see me being affectionate with anyone† Jo also becomes annoying. When her mother Helen leaves Jo becomes resentful of her mother as she says â€Å"you don’t half knock them back these days† this is her being resentful of her mother. Jo is also hurt as her mother has left her when she says â€Å"you like to leave me alone† she says this because she does not want here mother with her because she has hurt her. When her mother leaves she also feels unloved by her mother. Jo changes again when she meets Jimmy she becomes flirtatious when she says â€Å"I love you† and when Jo says â€Å"I can’t resist myself†. Jo also becomes coy when Jo says â€Å"it’s my school girl complexion† and â€Å"anything might happen† Jo also likes attention because she did not get any love of her mother. Jo also says to Jimmy â€Å"you enjoyed it as much as I did† she says this because she is getting the attention she wants. Jo character changes again when she meets Geof she becomes insulting my calling him â€Å"a big sister†. Jo also becomes cynical â€Å"it’ll always be number one by itself† and becomes frightened when she is heavily pregnant, she is frightened when she says â€Å"I don’t want this baby I don’t want to be a woman†. When Jo’s mother Helen comes back she gets rid of Geof this is when Jo is in labour and becomes less assertive when she says â€Å"are you coming back† Jo becomes resigned â€Å"by baby will be back† she becomes less assertive when she can’t argue back when she is in labour. Shelagh Delaney uses dramatic devices to show the changes into Jo’s character, the first one I am going to write about is Conflict and fights that take place between all characters; there are quarrels between Helen and Jo there is also quarrels and fights between Jo and Peter. When Jo physically attacks peter this is because he is taking her mother away from her. Helen and Jo have had another argument about Helens engament to peter. There is also conflict between Helen, Jo and Geof when they argue about the care of Jo. When Helen and peter are about to split up there is arguments’s between them. It is to avoid conflict that Geof leaves to avoid conflict as he is very selfless. In the play there is a lot of contrast there are love scenes juxtaposed with quarrels with Helen and Jo; Helen and peter and which Jo and Jimmy where they say â€Å"Will you marry me† and â€Å"I love you† and Helen shows love to Jo â€Å"why don’t you lie down† which is another love hate relationship In the play there are two very different people Jo is frightened, Critical, Determined and insecure; Helen is Selfish, bossy, neglectful, and disorganized. There are also 3 different men who visit the flat they are Peter who drinks, insults, and is homophobic; Geof who is bisexual, caring, supportive, and hard working; and finally there is Jimmy who loves, immature, persuasive, and reliable. In the play there is a use of music and dance, each character is introduced with some music can suggest aspects of there character the music gives a surreal effect and can help gives the time gaps in the play Use of dramatic unities is clear unity of place is shaven when everything in the play is in of near the flat people visit the flat, and leave. The only person who stays in the play the whole way thought is Jo. The unity of time is clear when in the play everything happens in a year Jo moves from a school girl to a working loving partner into a loving relationship to a parent. The unity of action is shown when the play comes full cycle. It is cyclical that Helen and Jo are alone in the flat and the cycle of deprivation continues but there is a new life on its way. Jo mirrors Helen in that they have both a failed relationship. In the play the use of language reveals the factors in which cause Jo to change; there are insults between the characters. There is also a use of expletives like â€Å"Silly Bitch† and â€Å"little bastard† and â€Å"sour faced old bitch†. The educated language of Helen shows her using impressive vocabulary like when she says â€Å"The only conclusion I can find in your immediate presents is your ultimate absents†. Jimmy also has an educated language as he has knowledge of Shakespeare. The social conclusions manifest aspects of Jo’s character. Poor housing is clear in Jo’s character; Jo lives in a small 1 bed-roomed flat and it has a shared bathroom with the other flat. The flat is in Manchester and it is by the ship cannel which is polluted; the flat is also by the gas works which smells, this means that the cost of housing in the area is low. Helen has a low income as she is a prostitute and Jo has 2 low paided jobs. Geof has a student grant from the government and he makes clothes for the baby as it is cheaper than buying them. Helen is a prostitute she properly became a prostitute because she might have had no money and she also had a child to support.

Sigmund Freud and Phallic Stage Fixation

Ferris State University 1. According to Freudian theory, is Steve aware of why he interacts with women on only a sexual basis? Steve is superficially aware of why his interactions with women are exclusively sexual, but there is an underlying issue with his mother that prevents him from having a deeper connection with women. 2. What type of psychic energy motives Steve, according to Freud? Libido, that controls sexual drive, is what has been motivating Steve over a majority of his life. . Which of Freud’s personality types does Steve display? What evidence is there for it? What would have caused it? Steve displays the personality of someone that uses defense mechanisms such as displacement and reaction formation. Due to the neglect by his mother, Steve has taken then experience and is taking it out on women around him. 4. At what Freudian stage is Steve fixated? What evidence is there of it? Describe the stage and how it contributed to the fixation.What would have caused this f ixation? Steve is fixated at the phallic stage of development. The evidence is that he is constantly looking for that sexual pleasure. With the lack of attention he got from the opposite-sex parent (Mother), Steve became focused on getting the kind of pleasure he desired, resulting in him being stuck in this stage of development. 5. Others might express their behavior differently than Steve if t hey were fixated at he same stage. Give some examples of how they might behave. While Steve’s hyper-sexual behavior is due to his phallic stage fixation, another person fixated at the same stage may act differently. For example, a person may instead seek sexual attention from people of the same gender. In another instance, a person could become fixated with themselves and unable to engage in sexual relations with another person.

A Christmas Story About A Young Orphan History Essay

On the dark of Christmans Eve, a immature orphan named Pip visited the Gravess in the God's acre in award of his asleep household members. As he paid his respects, a cryptic alien, who appeared in a pathetic visual aspect with a concatenation attached to his leg, glided out from the shadows and directed a hungry knife to Pip ‘s vulnerable pharynx. Following, the adult male silenced Pip and began to inquire him a series of inquiries about his defenders. Once Pip replied, stating him that he lived with his sister Mrs. Joe Gargery and her hubby Joe Gargery, the blacksmith, the capturer stared at Pip into his eyes and solemnly demanded Pip to present him a file ( to take the ironss ) , and some nutrient to decide his hungriness. Then, he instructed Pip that the tool and the nutrient should be delivered to him early the following forenoon at the Old Battery ‘s location. In order to vouch Pip ‘s trueness, the destitute capturer advised Pip to non distribute any word about the brush and to listen to his instructions, or else he would let go of his homicidal side and terminal Pip ‘s life. After the Pip ‘s captor finished his message, he began to casually saunter off, but glanced back periodically before disappearing with the dark. Terrified from the ghastly brush, Pip raced place every bit fast as he could. After the incident, Pip returned place to the forge and discovered Joe entirely in the kitchen. The temper of the house seemed unagitated, but shortly, Joe informed Pip that Mrs. Joe had been furiously disquieted and left the house to look for him. Merely as Joe finished make fulling Pip in on the state of affairs, Mrs. Joe busted through the door and began to paddle and chastise Pip about what he did, before chilling down. Once the ambiance was restored, Mrs. Joe began to function the dinner of staff of life with butter to Pip and Joe. Alternatively of eating the piece, Pip slid his part into his bloomerss due to the fright of decease from the alien at the God's acre. However, Joe noticed that Pip ‘s piece was gone and assumed that he swallowed the staff of life, which led to Pip ‘s ingestion of the Tar-water. Later that flushing, the house was shaken by the sound of guns, which made Pip funny about what it symbolized. He shortly learned from Joe that the sounds marked t he significance that there were inmates on the loose. Besides, he discovered that the guns were shot from ships known as the Hulks, which were ships dedicated to hive awaying felons who were charged with slaying and other offenses. During bedtime, Pip experienced panics about the brush with the alien in the fens. In the forenoon, Pip decided to decide his panics and took the nutrient ( porc pie and brandy ) from the kitchen, and a file from the forge, and so left to the Old Battery. Chapter Three In chapter three, Pip approached the Old Battery experiencing a enormous sum of guilty from stealing the nutrient and file. As Pip neared the location, he encountered a kiping adult male who looked like the alien from the God's acre and shook him wake up. However, when the being got up, Pip noticed that he had the incorrect individual, but this adult male and his mark were dressed identically. The awoken extra tried to assail Pip, but missed wholly and escaped off. After the happening, Pip arrived at the Battery and found his adult male, who appeared in a saddening status. Pip continued toward the deprived, hapless alien, and handed over the nutrient and file. Then, the famished single immediately began to banquet on the nutrient without vacillation and thanked Pip one time he satisfied his hungriness. Later, Pip brought up the subject about the indistinguishable individual he had ran into on the journey over, which sparked up the adult male ‘s pique and heightened his senses. After hearing about his enemy, the adult male prepared to run his reproduction, but foremost, he demanded Pip to manus over the file and he began to hammer off at the Fe. With his attending focused on taking the ironss from his leg, Pip took the chance and left the scene. Chapter Four When guilty Pip returned place, he found his sister busily cleaning the house for the approaching dinner that flushing. After Pip fabricated that he was listening to Christmas carols, he joined Joe in the kitchen and Mrs. Joe served them a weak breakfast of staff of life and milk due to her busy agenda. Once they finished eating, Joe and Pip went to go to church in topographic point of Mrs. Joe, since she was excessively busy from readyings. While off, Pip was haunted by the ideas of his sister detecting the stolen nutrient such as the meat pie. When the two returned, they found the house prepared for the dinner response and waited for the invitees to get. Soon, the invitees, Mr. Wopsle, Mr. and Mrs. Hubble, and Uncle Pumblechook stepped in, the household and invitees exchanged salutations and any gifts they possessed. As everyone sat down on the dinner tabular array, the repast eventually commenced. Throughout the dinner, many conversations were exchanged and the eventide was turn o vering swimmingly, until Mrs. Joe served Uncle Pumblechook the tar-water alternatively of the brandy ( Pip had refilled the incorrect bottle when he stole the brandy ) . Before long, Uncle Pumblechook recovered and the eventide was rapidly coming to an terminal, which prompted Mrs. Joe to function the concluding and most impressive dish of the eventide, the porc pie. Since Pip knew about the absence of the dish, a moving ridge of nervousnesss rushed into his organic structure and he made an flight for the door. However, as he reached the door, he stumbled upon soldiers and one carried a set of handlocks in his custodies. Chapter Five In the beginning of the chapter, the soldiers entered the house, which alarmed the dinner invitees and distracted Mrs. Joe off from the porc pie every bit good. The soldiers shortly requested for Mr. Joe, the blacksmith, and asked him to mend the presented handlocks for the male monarch. Immediately, Joe went off to work and was accompanied by a few soldiers. As Joe was working, the commanding officer mentioned the Hunt for the inmates, and how it was expected to stop at twilight once the turnups were renewed. Later, the commanding officer was offered to take a place during his delay and was offered some vino. Finally, after two hours, Joe finished his work and the soldiers left to complete the Hunt for the inmates. However, Joe and Mr. Wopsle chose to label along the pursuit and brought Pip every bit good. During the Hunt, the three trailed at the rear of the battalion and Pip realized that that his inmate would presume that he had betrayed him if he was seen. As the group moved tow ard the Old Battery ‘s place, the soldiers and the invitees heard the sounds of the nearby cheering of two work forces. Next, the military personnels marched closer to the beginning of the noise and saw the two targeted inmates fighting at the underside of the ditch. Upon the gaining control, the 2nd inmate announced that Pip ‘s inmate attempted to kill him. Conversely, Pip ‘s inmate responded by stating that he was forestalling the adult male from get awaying the Hulks. As the alibis persisted, the sergeant silenced the two and told the soldiers to put ablaze the torches for visible radiation. Afterwards, the soldiers stood in a ring and fired their guns to signal the gaining control, and began to process over to the Hulks. Once they reached their finish, and were prepared to let go of the runawaies back to the ships, Pip ‘s inmate lied and told the group that he had stolen the porc pie and the spirits from Joe ‘s forge. Then, the two felons were sent onto the boats and were rowed over to the Hulks. Chapter Six After the gaining control was over, the hunting perceivers, Pip, Joe, and Mr. Wopsle journeyed place. On the manner back, Pip pondered about the possible consequences of what could happen if he revealed to Joe the existent narrative behind his interaction with the inmate. However, since Pip did n't desire to lose the trust from his lone friend and comrade, Pip decided to stamp down the truth. Pip assumed that Joe would non look up to him, which prevented him from stating the truth, but he began to believe that it was his ain jejuneness that blocked the truth from coming out. Soon, Pip fell asleep as he walked place and Joe carried him on his dorsum through the concluding stairss back place. At place, Mr. Wopsle and Joe met up with Mrs. Joe and Uncle Pumblechook and Joe recalled the chapters of their journey, which included Pip ‘s runaway ‘s fiction about stealing the pie before being rowed back to the Hulks. Pip ‘s inmate ‘s false comments sparked the investig ator in the members of the family and the group began to seek for ways in which the inmate could hold entered the family. Once the Sleuthing concluded, Pip was assisted to his bed and the eventide came to an terminal. Chapter Seven As Pip grew older, he learned to read and could grok the words on the Gravess of his household members. Before coming of age for an apprenticeship with Joe, Pip went to an evening school run by Mr. Wopsle ‘s grandaunt. In add-on to the school, the topographic point for acquisition was besides a store, which was run by Biddy, the granddaughter. Although Biddy ran the shop, she would integrate her clip to assist out Pip ‘s instruction. On one peculiar dark, a twelvemonth after the Hunt, Pip wrote a missive to Joe on his slate. After Pip completed his message, he handed it over to Joe, who was highly amazed, since he had ne'er learned to read or compose. As Joe attempted to read the message, Pip realized that Joe was uneducated and questioned him about his early instruction. Joe began and told Pip that his male parent was the chief hurdle of his acquisition, which led him to get down work at an early age. Besides, Joe informed Pip that when his female parent died, he had found Mrs. Joe, and offered her to populate with him in the forge. Shortly after, Joe included that when he accepted Mrs. Joe into the forge, he besides welcomed Pip to populate at that place excessively. After, he began to portion with Pip his empathy toward Pip ‘s penalties from Mrs. Joe, which illuminated a new position in which Pip viewed Joe. Later that dark, Mrs. Joe and Uncle Pumblechook arrived back from their trip to the bazar and beg an to convey up the topic of Miss. Havisham. It had seemed that Miss. Havisham, an flush, but lonely lady, had invited Pip to travel to her house, the Satis House, to play. After informing Pip, Mrs. Joe instantly began to tidy up Pip and dressed him nicely, before passing him over to Uncle Pumblechook. After interchanging farewells, Pip left with Uncle Pumblechook, who would present him to the Satis House the following forenoon. Chapter Eight In the forenoon, Pip woke up in the market edifice of Uncle Pumblechook. After rousing, Pip inhaled the olfactory property of the seeds of the store, and went to go to breakfast with Uncle Pumblechook. During the breakfast, Pip received the poorest helpings of nutrient and the two spoke about mathematics. Without a satisfying repast, Pip and Pumblechook left for Miss Havisham ‘s abode. When they arrived to the deeply armoured bastion, they rang the forepart gate and were greeted by a gorgeous immature lady. As Pip was allowed to come in, Pumblechook, on the other manus was locked out without compunction. Then, the immature lady returned to Pip ‘s side, and they began to walk over to the house. As they were walking over, Pip was introduced to a brewery, which was portion of the edifice, and so continued on to the house. When they approached a certain room, Pip was told to come in entirely. The room was deprived of daytime and at the tabular array in the room sat a figure d raped in white. In a piece, the figure, Miss. Havisham, informed Pip that she had been broken-hearted and that she had ne'er seen the daytime in old ages. Moments subsequently, the miss who greeted Pip at the gate, Estella, was called into the room and she and Pip sat down to play cards. As they played, Estella won and ashamed Pip with her violative comments. After losing another unit of ammunition, it was clip to go forth and Pip was asked to return yearss subsequently, before being escorted by Estella to the pace. In the pace, Pip was served with some nutrient from Estella and so Estella walked off. When she was gone, Pip began to cast cryings from the shame and discourtesy he received from Estella. Soon, Estella came back to open the gate, and Pip left in humiliation. Chapter Nine After a twenty-four hours of letdown, Pip returned place to the forge to Mrs. Joe and Pumblechook, who were highly funny about his trip. Unwilling to talk the truth, Pip fabricated his experience at Miss. Havisham ‘s house. For illustration, alternatively of playing a black game of cards, he illustrated about how they played with flags and blades, which impressed and enlightened his hearers. However, when Joe came in, Pip began experiencing ashamed of stating Joe a prevarication, and doing Joe experience proud of him. When the crowd eventually left to go to to their responsibilities, Pip walked into Joe ‘s forge to state him the truth. Pip began by stating Joe about how his visual aspect did n't suit the scene and that his experience was the antonym of terrific. Following, he introduced how the miss, Estella referred to him as take downing common man. However, Joe tried to soothe Pip and told him that being common was non negative, but alternatively, everyone had to get d own out as one before they made their manner to the top. With that, Joe stated that he was non angered by the deceptive narrative, but merely asked for Pip to non raise up any more false narratives. That dark, Pip took Joe ‘s message personally and recognized the twenty-four hours as the most unforgettable twenty-four hours, which changed him profoundly. Chapter Ten During one fresh, new twenty-four hours, Pip decided to inquire Biddy to educate and assist him go more literate. However, before she could get down, Mr. Wosple ‘s grandaunt had fallen asleep and Biddy had to recover the order to the school. After Biddy was done, she lent Pip some assignments to work on and Pip left. As Pip was walking place, he went into the Three Jolly Bargemen to name Joe to come place. When Pip found Joe inside the saloon, he was accompanied by Mr. Wopsle and another adult male who he did non acknowledge. Momentarily, Pip took a place following to Joe to listen to the conversations. The conversation began after the cryptic adult male treated Mr. Wopsle and Joe to rums, and Joe introduced the members of the tabular array to the unknown adult male. Throughout the meeting, the alien began to direct his attending to Pip and stirred his drink with a file towards Pip ‘s attending. Shortly, Pip rapidly noticed that there was a connexion between the adult mal e in forepart of him and the inmate he had encountered a twelvemonth ago. When the rum ran out, Joe and Pip stood up to go forth, but were halted by the alien, who so gave Pip a bent piece of paper. After, Joe and Pip left the saloon, along with Mr. Wopsle. Once Joe and Pip arrived place, they unraveled the bent paper along the side of Mrs. Joe, and discovered two one-pound notes on the paper. However, Joe raced back to return the money, but the alien was gone. That dark, Pip went to kip chew overing about the cryptic alien who possessed his inmate ‘s file.